The most common anaerobes include gram-negative bacteria.

Aspiration pneumonia Aspiration pneumonia-to How to decipher between the

aspiration pneumonia and aspiration pneumonia are important for speech language pathologist to be able to decipher between them. P

is the inhalation of oropharyngeal or gastric contents into the larynx and lower airways. PP

is a complication caused inhalationPof sterile gastric contents. PItPleads acute lung injury from inhaled acid and solid materials. P

, when is inhalation of colonized oraopharyngeal material and associated with acute pulmonaryPinflammatory response to bacteria and bacterial products. PP (Marik, 2001). In an effort pneumonitis lung damage caused by the desire to have influence DBY pH and volume of aspirate (Cavallazzi, R. 2010). The desire pnuemonias mikroaspiratsiya caused by pathogenic bacteria of the oropharynx. P It is used when a patient develops pneumonia who have risk factors for aspiration oraopharyngeal. PP Healthy people usually aspiration of saliva during sleep or when eaten quickly. PPNo disease occurs in healthy persons as well as atmospheric material is cleaned of mucociliary and alveolar macrophages. The nature of the atmospheric material, the amount of ambient material, and the state of defenses in three important factors that determine the aspiration pneumonia. PAspiration in large quantities or in patients with weakened immune systems, problems Pcan reason. PPPatients may develop aspiration pneumonia or lung abscess. is necrotic lung infection characterized by pus-filled cavity lesions. It is almost always caused by aspiration of oral secretions from patients with impaired consciousness. Symptoms of cough, fever, sweating, weight loss. Diagnosis is based primarily on chest x-ray. The treatment course of clindamycin or combinationPb-lactam/b-lactamase inhibitors. may also complicate the desire. PEmpyema this accumulation of pus in the pleural space (space between the lungs and pleural wall). Symptoms and signs of pneumonia and abscesses are similar and include low-grade chronic shortness of breath, fever, weight loss, cough productive of rotten, bad taste in sputum. Difficulty breathing, increased number of leukocytes in the blood and hypoxemia, and other features. P Patients may have signs of poor oral hygiene. This syndrome is most common in people with chronic respiratory disorders mechanisms of protection. This includes the gag reflex, cough, resnychnoho movement and immune mechanisms, all of which help to remove the infected material from the lower respiratory tract. Other risk factors include poor teeth and poor, which are increasing the bacterial load of oropharyngeal secretions. P in patients with neurological disorders in critical condition, and elderly people at risk of aspiration. P patients with malignant tumors, especially cancers of the head and neck are at risk for aspiration, due to obstruction or effects of radiation. P Almost half of patients undergoing chemotherapy and radiation developed severe dysphagia leading to increased risk of aspiration pneumonia. PPatients of enteral feeding tubes is also a risk of aspiration. This is because they have some of these factors that drive patients to aspiration pneumonia. P They may still oralpharyngeal aspiration fluids with a high risk of gastro-oesophageal reflux. Clinicians should therefore suggest this diagnosis when a patient with risk factors and radiological evidence of penetration suggests aspiration pneumonia. Location infiltrate on the radiograph of the chest depending on the patient, when aspiration occurred. Chest X-ray shows infiltrate, often but not exclusively, in the dependent lung segments, that is above or posterior basal segments of the lower zone or posterior segment of upper lobe. From the penetration depends on the patient ofthe position during aspiration. P Patients aspiration in the supine position, usually enters the posterior segments of upper lobes. P Those aspirations in an upright position in infiltrates in the basal segments of lower lobes. P (Marik, 2001). P intersects with community acquired pneumonia and aspiration pneumonitis may occur. P presense risk factors for aspiration helps to distinguish from aspiration pneumonia, community acquired pneumoia. P inhaltion Colonial material (as opposed to sterile material) helps to distinguish aspiration pneumonia from aspiration pneumonia. Initial bacteriological research on pathogens showed anaerobic species are predominant pathogens in community-acquired aspiration pneumonia. However, subsequent studies have shown that

pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae,

Enterobacteriaceae and is the most common organisms. Klebsiella pneumonia, E. coli are also common. P nosocomial aspiration pneumonia, on the other hand, often caused by gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa

,

especially in intubirovannyh patients. The most common anaerobes include gram-negative bacteria. Treatment of aspiration pneumonia Antiobiotic therapy is typical for the treatment of aspiration pneumonia. PP Antiobiotics should include typical community acquired pathogens in patients without toxic appearance. PCeftriaxone plus azithromycin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin and related options. PA recent clinical trials have shown that moxifloxacin is as effective and safe as ampicillin / sulbactam and has the advantage of a simplified once daily dosage regimen (Ott et al., 2008). P in patients with toxic appearance or were recently hospitalized, antiobiotics covered outpatient pathogens and asPgram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa

and Klebsiella pneumonia and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

should be closed as well. Piperacillin / tazobaktam and imipenem / tsylastatyn plus vancomycin would be appropriate. P Add clindamycin for purulent sputum. Aspiration pneumonitis isPcaused on inhalationPof sterile gastric contents. PPatients at high risk of aspiration pneumonia, those with severely reduced level of consciousness, including the drug in excess, status epilepticus, head injury, stroke, and perioperitively (Marik, 2004). The risk of aspiration indirectly related to the level of consciousness of the patient (eg, reduced scale Glasgow [GCS] score associated with an increased risk of aspiration). The extent and severity of the disease are directly related to the volume and acidity of atmospheric fluid. The desire of the vast number of gastric contents, also known as syndrome Mendelsohn, can lead to acute respiratory failure in 1:00. Aspiration pneumonitis P is usually seen. Because of the relative sterility of normal gastric contents, bacteria do not play an important role in the early stages of the disease. This is not true in patients with hastropareza or small bowel obstruction or in those using antacids (proton pump inhibitor [PPI], H2-receptor). Symptoms of pneumonia aspiration similar to aspiration pneumonia. P Common signs and symptoms of aspiration penumonitis include fever, shortness of breath, rapid breathing, tachycardia, and mental status order strattera changes (Mylotte et al., 2003). The first step in the treatment of pneumonia is the desire to support if the patient develops hypoxia and prevent episodes to avoid further commitment. P patients may need the contents of the stomach sucked from the respiratory tract. P If the patient is unable to protect their airway, tracheal intubation may be warranted. P If no infection, early antiobiotic therapy is not recommended. P Antiobiotics can lead to resistant microorganisms. P Antiobiotic therapy can be initiated in patients apirate gastric contents is the obstruction of the intestine or other factors contribute to colonization of gastic contents. P Antiobiotics also be initiated if aspiration pneumonia does not improve after 24 hours (Marik, 2001). Tags:,,,,,